Filter contaminant retention expert opinion Aquaphor & Q1

Information AQUALEN® - Activated carbon blocks - AQUADEA Activated carbon block cartridges Q series

Detailed information on the function of drinking water filter cartridges and the retention of pollutants

AQUALEN® activated carbon blocks - Activated carbon Filtration:

Particles larger than the nominal or absolute filter fineness specified, as well as certain pollutant spectra, are removed according to various adsorption principles (chemical and physical adsorption).

The patented AQUALEN® process also achieves synergy effects, such as the fundamental prevention of desorption (the process by which atoms or molecules leave the surface of a solid) [heavy metal ions].

That heavy metals are effectively retained and are not "washed back" into the flowing water.

Underlying standards:

1.) NSF/ANSI Standard 42: Drinking Water Treatment Units – Aesthetic Effects

Overview: This standard covers point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) systems designed to reduce specific aesthetic or non-health-related contaminants (chlorine, taste and odor, and particulates) that may be present in public or private drinking water.

2.) NSF/ANSI Standard 53: Drinking Water Treatment Units – Health Effects

Overview: Standard 53 targets point-of-use (POU) and point-of-entry (POE) systems that aim to reduce specific health-related contaminants, such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, lead, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) that may be present in public or private drinking water.

3.) LGA: AQUALEN® activated carbon blocks have been LGA certified in selected products.

Test object:

Aquaphor activated carbon blocks with AQUALEN® technology.

Test results:

These do not refer to activated carbon, but to activated carbon in combination with the AQUALEN® fibers used.

Table 1 with NSF/ANSI testing standard such as Standard 53

♦ Self-testing by AQUAPHOR Corp. laboratory, St. Petersburg
♦ Flow rate: 2 liters/minute (one cartridge – even better results with two cartridges in series)

lead	up to 99% [NSF/ANSI Standard 53]
copper	up to 99%
nickel	up to 95%
Uranium:	over 97%
Zinc:	up to 95%
iron	50-95%, depending on pH value
manganese	50-95%, depending on pH value
aluminum	over 95%

Table 2 with substances that are significantly reduced ["removed"]

Results Aquaphor Corp. St. Petersburg according to NSF protocol Aquaphor Corp.

alachlor
atrazine
Benzene [95%]
bromodichloroethane
bromoform
carbofuran
carbon tetrachloride
chlorine
chlorobenzene
chloroform
Trihalomethanes (THM)
cryptospiridium
dibromochloropropane
dibromochloromethane
ortho-dichlorobenzene
para-dichlorobenzene
1,1-dichloroethane
1,2-dichloroethane
1,1-dichloroethylene
cis-1,2-dichloroethylene
ethylene dibromide
trans-1,2-dichloroethylene
1,2-dichloropropane
cis-1,3-dichloropropylene
ethylbenzene
Giardia lamblia
hexachlorobutadiene
hexachlorocyclohexane
Lead [up to 99%]
mercury
Cadmium [up to 97%]
Lindane [up to 97%]
methoxychlor
pentachlorophenol
simazine
Styrene [monomers]
1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane
tetrachloroethylene
toluene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,1,1-trichloroethane
1,1,2-trichloroethane
trichloroethylene
ortho-xylene
meta-xylene
paraxylene
PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid: approx. 87% to 99%

Information on the cleaning effect of PFOA using activated carbon can be found here:please click

Table 3 showing retention rates of certain substances by AQUAPHOR activated carbon blocks with AQUALEN® technology used by AQUADEA, depending on the amount of filtrate:

parameters	liter of filtrate							flow
	800	880 *	2000	2080 **	3200	3280 ***	4800
phenol	98%	98%	97%	96%	92%	92%	91%	1.5 liters/minute
copper	>99%	99%	98%	98%	97%	95%	93%	1.5 liters/minute
		* pH 9.0 t=28°C		** pH 9.0 t= 4°C		*** pH 6.0 t=4°C
benzene	>95%	>95%	95%	94%	93%	93%	92%	1.5 liters/minute
cadmium	>97%	97%	97%	95%	94%	93%	91%	1.5 liters/minute
		* pH 9.0 t=28°C		** pH 9.0 t=4°C		*** pH 6.0 t=4°C
Hexachlorocyclohexane [Lindane/ Insecticide]	>99%	>99%	99%	98%	97%	90%		1.5 liters/minute
		* pH 9.0 t=28°C		** pH 9.0 t=4°C		*** pH 6.0 t=4°C

Excerpt from the results: Institute of Toxicology RU Protocol 14-16 November 2007

♦ Tested product: Aquaphor B510-02 10" activated carbon block [5µm] – the activated carbon blocks currently used by AQUADEA, such as the Aquadea-Q1, have a structure that is more than 5 times finer: 0.8 µm
♦ Translation, Russian original protocol available [Ehrlich Analytik Entwicklung GmbH].
♦ The results refer to the tested product and the conditions during the test.

Note on the selected substances in the tables:

♦ Chlorine has been selected for water disinfection.
♦ Benzene represents the hydrocarbon group.
♦ Phenol represents organic substances. These are grouped together as TOCs (total organic carbon) and VOCs (volatile organic compounds) as summary parameters that reflect the pollution of the water.
♦ Lead is an example of heavy metals
♦ The iron retention in the specified range can be seen as a special quality feature
♦ Lindane has been selected from the range of pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides.

Important information:

The substances listed may or may not be present in the water.
The reduction results may vary in practice [both higher and lower reductions are possible], as the composition of the water, the total amount of filtrate, the concentration of the measured substance, the flow rate, and the temperature may differ from the laboratory conditions. In this respect, the results listed should be understood as guide values. No two types of water are the same.
The results refer exclusively to the test object mentioned and the test conditions described. Excerpts from this report may only be published or reproduced with written permission.
In general, it should be noted that all activated carbon blocks have a limited adsorption capacity. Tap water available in accordance with TVO may contain traces of these pollutants, for the removal of which the capacity of the activated carbon blocks is sufficient within the filter replacement times and volume specifications.

Subject to technical changes.

Honest Analytics

Development LLC

Lutz Ehrlich, industrial foreman

Field of study: Chemistry

PennigsehlerStr. 343
D-31618 Liebenau

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PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered harmful to health, especially as potential carcinogens.
Molecular compounds consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms can arise, for example, in house fires when mattresses, curtains, wooden beams, plastic, or other objects made of organic materials burn. They can also enter drinking water through leaks of fluids from motor vehicles.

Activated carbon is often used to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from water.

PAH removal can also be achieved using activated carbon blocks, which ensure safe and efficient elimination of the pollutants. At the appropriate flow rate.

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Here you will find collection of information on PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid, and PFOS, including data on activated carbon block retention values.

PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid & PFOS Information on the purifying effect of activated carbon for private drinking water: Measurements by the Hessian State Laboratory:

This is an excerpt fromthis publication by the Hessian State Laboratory.

Since every type of water is different, just like every snowflake and every person, it is impossible to make a general statement about exactly how many liters of water can be filtered with a filter cartridge.

In addition to the ingredients, there are many other dependencies: e.g., temperature, pH value, water pressure. Of the 100,000 substances that enter the environment, some can produce very strange phenomena when they occur together in water. These may not even have been researched yet. There are almost infinite combinations possible.

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activated carbon Water purification systems Areas of application:

• Benzene, toluene, xylene (BTEX)

• Chlorineated carbonwatercompounds (CKW)

• Fluorinated hydrocarbons (CFCs)

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

• Phenols

• Pesticides

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The advantages of Aquadea activated carbon block filters:

No cloudiness, drinking water with the best taste and smell
Retention of particles down to 0.1 µm in size according to NSF Standard 42
Protection of machines – reduction of machine failures by preventing particle ingress
Easy handling thanks to quick-change system
Innovative locking handle with secure locking mechanism

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According to the current state of knowledge and technology, Traffic areas are a major source of water pollution from Rainwater discharges.

Runoff from traffic areas is caused by vehicle emissions, atmospheric pollution, and other sources with a range of organic pollutants such as polycyclicpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), mineral oil hydrocarbons (MKW), and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), as well as plant treatment and pest control agents.. Added to this is the heavy metal contamination.

Some of the pollutants are present in dissolved and particulate form. Table 1:

Typical contaminants in runoff from paved traffic areas Substance Substance sources

Inorganic pollutants

Zinc (Zn) Tire abrasion, brake pad abrasion, exhaust gases, corrosion losses from motor vehicles, traffic signs, and guardrails Copper (Cu) Tire abrasion, brake pad abrasion, exhaust gases, Corrosion losses from motor vehicles Lead (Pb) Drip losses from fuels, exhaust gases, road surface abrasion Nickel (Ni) Abrasion from brake pads, road abrasion, catalytic converters, Corrosion losses from motor vehicles Chromium (Cr) Tire abrasion, abrasion from brake pads Cadmium (Cd) Tire abrasion, Corrosion losses from motor vehicles Platinum (Pt) Catalytic converters

Organic pollutants

Mineral oil hydrocarbons (MKW) Drip losses from engine oils, coolants, and antifreeze agentslubricants, and antifreeze, exhaust gases, evaporation loss Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Tire abrasion, exhaust gases (residuesof incomplete combustion), road surface abrasion Methyltertbutyl ether (MTBE), Ethyl-tertbutyl ether (ETBE) Drip losses of fuel, exhaust gases (residues from incomplete combustion) Plant treatment and pesticides (PPSR) Transport of agricultural

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calcite solubility

Calcite is a crystal modification (a form) of calcium carbonate (_CaCO3).
Calcite dissolution capacity refers to the mass of calcite that can be dissolved in one liter of water. It is then dissolved invisibly as salt.
It is calculated according to DIN 38404-10 and provides an indication of the corrosion behavior of water.

In the case of calcite-depositing waters, i.e., waters that contain too much lime and excrete it, the value for calcite dissolution capacity becomes negative.

Limit value according to the Drinking Water Ordinance: 5 mg/L.
The requirement is considered to be met if the pH value at the waterworks outlet is at least 7.7. Downstream of the point where drinking water from two or more waterworks is mixed, the calcite dissolution capacity in the distribution network must not exceed 10 mg/L.

calcite saturation

Dc = 0.
Note: Calcite saturation is also referred to as the calcium carbonate equilibrium.

Saturation pH value (also calcium carbonate saturation pH value, calcite saturation pH value)

CaCO₃ + H⁺ <--> Ca²⁺ + HCO₃^-

^{In the case of galvanized steel pipes and copper pipes, there is a clear correlation between the pH value of the water and the zinc or copper concentrations that occur in drinking water after stagnation. The lower the pH value, the higher the levels of these heavy metals in stagnant water. In softer waters, the same trend applies with regard to the solubility of lead.}

^{To protect consumers from excessive heavy metal concentrations in drinking water, it therefore makes sense to raise the pH value as far as possible. However, it is not necessary to raise the pH value above 7.8. A technical limit for raising the pH value is the pH value at which water enters the calcite precipitation range.}