Nanobubbles in the shower – ultrafine bubbles explained | Aquadea
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Close-up of water droplets on skin
Illustrative image, AI-generated

Nanobubbles in the shower

What every water pearl holds

Ultrafine bubbles, simply explained: how they form, what they do, what we measured.

When you stand under your Crystal Vortex™ shower, fine, soft water pearls envelop you. Inside them float bubbles so small you cannot see them: ultrafine bubbles, internationally known as nanobubbles. They are the reason this water feels different.

Download as PDF (German) To the Crystal Vortex™ shower

How small is ultrafine? Measured

An ultrafine bubble is around five hundred times finer than a hair. If it were the size of a tennis ball, a hair would be about as thick as a ten-storey building is tall. Ultrafine bubbles have their own international standard (ISO 20480), and in Japan they have long been part of bathing culture.

Size comparison on a logarithmic scale: ultrafine bubble 80–180 nm, bacterium 1–2 µm, red blood cell 7–8 µm, human hair 50–100 µm Ultrafine bubble80 – 180 nm, measured Bacteriumapprox. 1 – 2 µm Red blood cellapprox. 7 – 8 µm Human hairapprox. 50 – 100 µm 10 nm 100 nm 1 µm 10 µm 100 µm 1 mm Logarithmic scale: each step is ten times larger. Circles are symbolic, not to scale. Bubble size: our own measurement (Particle Metrix). Other values: rounded reference values.

How they form Physics

Inside the Crystal Vortex™ chamber the water spins in fast, precise vortices. At the core of a vortex the pressure drops, and the finest bubbles form from the air that is dissolved in all tap water. This happens without electricity or a pump, purely through the shape of the chamber and your normal water pressure.

1

Your tap water

at your normal household pressure

2

The vortex

Inside the Crystal Vortex™ chamber the water spins fast and precisely.

3

The water pearl

Millions of ultrafine bubbles in every millilitre

How they cleanse the skin Physics

What does not belong on the skin is mostly oily: sebum, cream residue, the remains of the day. Water alone struggles to wash oil away. A bubble, however, is air at its core, and oil would rather bind to air than to water. So the bubbles attach to oily residue, envelop it and gently lift it from the skin. Their negative charge then makes sure that what has been lifted does not settle again.

Diagram in three steps: bubbles attach to residue, envelop it and carry it away from the skin
1 Attach · 2 Envelop · 3 Carry away – illustration of the principle according to the state of interface research; schematic, the bubbles are in reality far smaller.

Why they stay finely dispersed Physics

Every bubble carries a fine negative charge. Like charges repel: the bubbles do not clump together but stay finely dispersed. And what they have lifted from the skin stays in suspension instead of settling again.

Surface charge of the bubbles (zeta potential): measured up to −33.5 mV, “very stable” range 0 mV −10 mV −20 mV −30 mV −40 mV −50 mV measured: −33.5 mV from approx. 20 mV stable · from approx. 30 mV very stable Surface charge of the bubbles (zeta potential)

What we had measured Measured

At the independent laboratory Particle Metrix, at typical household pressure:

12 – 19 million
ultrafine bubbles (nanobubbles) in every millilitre of water
80 – 180 nm
bubble size, ultrafine as defined by ISO 20480
up to −33.5 mV
charge of the bubbles: strong enough for them to repel each other

We are happy to send you the complete lab reports – request them here.

What you feel Customer experience

Like silk on your skin

Many of our customers tell us they have never felt water like this before.

Less shower gel

Many tell us they have been using less shower gel since switching to the Crystal Vortex™ shower.

A moment for yourself

Hold your hand in the water pearls and take your time before the day begins.

Try it at home for ten mornings. In Germany and Austria you can try your Crystal Vortex™ shower for ten days at your leisure. Or visit us at our workshop at Sulzemoos Castle near Munich and feel the water pearls yourself.

Our recommendations Book a consultation

Measured our own laboratory measurement  ·  Physics physics and scientific literature  ·  Customer experience customer feedback, not measured

This page to take away. All content as a two-page PDF “Nanobubbles in the shower – what every water pearl holds” (currently in German) – to print or pass on.

Download PDF (German)
Measurements: nanoparticle tracking (ZetaView), Particle Metrix, May and June 2026, Crystal Vortex™ chamber at 2.0 to 3.5 bar. The Crystal Vortex™ shower is a personal-care and comfort product; it is not intended to diagnose, treat or alleviate any disease.
The cover image is AI-generated (disclosure under Art. 50 EU AI Act); all graphics are illustrations. © Aquadea GmbH 2026